Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are small polypeptide growth factors, all of whom share in common certain structural characteristics, and most of whom bind heparin avidly. Many FGFs contain signal peptides for secretion and are secreted into the extracellular environment, where they can bind to the heparan-like glycosaminoglycans (HLGAGs) of the extracellular matrix (ECM). From this reservoir, FGFs may act directly on target cells, or they can be released through digestion of the ECM or the activity of a carrier protein, a secreted FGF binding protein. FGFs bind specific receptor tyrosine kinases in the context of HLGAGs and this binding induces receptor dimerization and activation, ultimately resulting in the activation of various signal transduction cascades. Some FGFs are potent angiogenic factors and most play important roles in embryonic development and wound healing. FGF signaling also appears to play a role in tumor growth and angiogenesis, and autocrine FGF signaling may be particularly important in the progression of steroid hormone-dependent cancers to a hormone-independent state.

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				D. Murali, S. Yoshikawa, R. R. Corrigan, D. J. Plas, M. C. Crair, G. Oliver, K. M. Lyons, Y. Mishina, and Y. Furuta Distinct developmental programs require different levels of Bmp signaling during mouse retinal development Development, March 1, 2005; 132(5): 913 - 923. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. R. Taylor, J. A. Rudisill, and R. L. Gallo Structural and Sequence Motifs in Dermatan Sulfate for Promoting Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2) and FGF-7 Activity J. Biol. Chem., February 18, 2005; 280(7): 5300 - 5306. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. H. Annex and M. Simons Growth factor-induced therapeutic angiogenesis in the heart: protein therapy Cardiovasc Res, February 15, 2005; 65(3): 649 - 655. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Millette, B. H. Rauch, O. Defawe, R. D. Kenagy, G. Daum, and A. W. Clowes Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB-Induced Human Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Depends on Basic FGF Release and FGFR-1 Activation Circ. Res., February 4, 2005; 96(2): 172 - 179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Zcharia, R. Zilka, A. Yaar, O. Yacoby-Zeevi, A. Zetser, S. Metzger, R. Sarid, A. Naggi, B. Casu, N. Ilan, et al. Heparanase accelerates wound angiogenesis and wound healing in mouse and rat models FASEB J, February 1, 2005; 19(2): 211 - 221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. G. Patel, S. Kumar, and M. C. Eggo Essential Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling in Preadipoctye Differentiation J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2005; 90(2): 1226 - 1232. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Wiedlocha, T. Nilsen, J. Wesche, V. Sorensen, J. Malecki, E. Marcinkowska, and S. Olsnes Phosphorylation-regulated Nucleocytoplasmic Trafficking of Internalized Fibroblast Growth Factor-1 Mol. Biol. Cell, February 1, 2005; 16(2): 794 - 810. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Delaune, P. Lemaire, and L. Kodjabachian Neural induction in Xenopus requires early FGF signalling in addition to BMP inhibition Development, January 15, 2005; 132(2): 299 - 310. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. E. Serls, S. Doherty, P. Parvatiyar, J. M. Wells, and G. H. Deutsch Different thresholds of fibroblast growth factors pattern the ventral foregut into liver and lung Development, January 1, 2005; 132(1): 35 - 47. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B Kwabi-Addo, M Ozen, and M Ittmann The role of fibroblast growth factors and their receptors in prostate cancer Endocr. Relat. Cancer, December 1, 2004; 11(4): 709 - 724. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. A. Hyatt, X. Shangguan, and J. M. Shannon FGF-10 induces SP-C and Bmp4 and regulates proximal-distal patterning in embryonic tracheal epithelium Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, December 1, 2004; 287(6): L1116 - L1126. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. De Cesare, G. Pratesi, S. Veneroni, R. Bergottini, and F. Zunino Efficacy of the Novel Camptothecin Gimatecan against Orthotopic and Metastatic Human Tumor Xenograft Models Clin. Cancer Res., November 1, 2004; 10(21): 7357 - 7364. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Agrotis, P. Kanellakis, G. Kostolias, G. Di Vitto, C. Wei, R. Hannan, G. Jennings, and A. Bobik Proliferation of Neointimal Smooth Muscle Cells after Arterial Injury: DEPENDENCE ON INTERACTIONS BETWEEN FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR-2 AND FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR-9 J. Biol. Chem., October 1, 2004; 279(40): 42221 - 42229. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Billottet, N. Elkhatib, J.-P. Thiery, and J. Jouanneau Targets of Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 (FGF-1) and FGF-2 Signaling Involved in the Invasive and Tumorigenic Behavior of Carcinoma Cells Mol. Biol. Cell, October 1, 2004; 15(10): 4725 - 4734. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z. Sheng, J. A. Lewis, and W. J. Chirico Nuclear and Nucleolar Localization of 18-kDa Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Is Controlled by C-terminal Signals J. Biol. Chem., September 17, 2004; 279(38): 40153 - 40160. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. E. Hernandez, H. A. Rikhof, R. Bachmann, and C. B. Moens vhnf1 integrates global RA patterning and local FGF signals to direct posterior hindbrain development in zebrafish Development, September 15, 2004; 131(18): 4511 - 4520. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Wang, D. W. Stockton, and M. Ittmann The Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-4 Arg388 Allele Is Associated with Prostate Cancer Initiation and Progression Clin. Cancer Res., September 15, 2004; 10(18): 6169 - 6178. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Zakrzewska, D. Krowarsch, A. Wiedlocha, and J. Otlewski Design of fully active FGF-1 variants with increased stability Protein Eng. Des. Sel., August 1, 2004; 17(8): 603 - 611. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Herzog, C. Sonntag, S. von der Hardt, H. H. Roehl, Z. M. Varga, and M. Hammerschmidt Fgf3 signaling from the ventral diencephalon is required for early specification and subsequent survival of the zebrafish adenohypophysis Development, August 1, 2004; 131(15): 3681 - 3692. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Hu, X. Fang, S. M. Dunham, C. Prada, E. K. Stachowiak, and M. K. Stachowiak 90-kDa Ribosomal S6 Kinase Is a Direct Target for the Nuclear Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 (FGFR1): ROLE IN FGFR1 SIGNALING J. Biol. Chem., July 9, 2004; 279(28): 29325 - 29335. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]