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Endocrine-Related Cancer 7 (4) 271-284    DOI: 10.1677/erc.0.0070271
Copyright © 2000 by the Society for Endocrinology.
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Endocrine Related Cancer, Vol 7, Issue 4, 271-284
Copyright © 2000 by Society for Endocrinology

Articles

Mechanisms in the skeletal complications of breast cancer

TJ Martin and JM Moseley


Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, with a worldwide prevalence of 1.5 million throughout the industrialized countries. Its mortality rate is second only to lung cancer in the USA and Europe. Its high incidence and prevalence makes it a major public health problem. Up to one-third of women with early stage breast cancer will eventually succumb to the disease, and most of these will develop bone metastases during the course of the disease. Approximately 70% of patients with breast cancer have bone metastases, with 27% having lung and liver metastases. Hypercalcemia also is very common in advanced breast cancer, manifesting itself in one-third of patients late in the disease. Breast cancer accounts for approximately 25% of the cases of hypercalcemia in cancer. The major skeletal complications of breast cancer--hypercalcemia and bone metastases--almost certainly share certain mechanisms and these will be discussed.


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