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Introduction and background: With the onset of the menopause (i.e. cessation of menstruation), women may experience multiple clinical problems occurring as a consequence of the accompanying ovarian failure. The problems associated with this ovarian oestrogen deficiency are most easily classified according to their time of onset and are summarised in Table 1 (Whitehead & Godfree 1992).

Women who have been treated for breast cancer are, however, at a greater risk of developing either a premature menopause (with its inherent increased risk of osteoporosis and ischaemic heart disease) or menopausal symptoms. This increase in incidence is iatrogenic in nature, occurring as a direct consequence of the use of adjuvant therapy for the treatment of their breast cancer (e.g. direct ovarian ablation, the use of the antioestrogen tamoxifen or chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure) and is expected to rise still further as the use of these treatments have become more widespread and are increasingly

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				J. M Dopp and J. M Kolesar Risk of breast cancer associated with hormone replacement therapy Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice, September 1, 1999; 5(3): 109 - 116. [Abstract] [PDF]